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Brief Report: CD14+ Enriched Peripheral Cells Secrete Cytokines Unique to HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
Melissa A Agsalda-Garcia1, Pasiri Sithinamsuwan, Victor G Valcour
1*Hawaii Center for AIDS, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI;†Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand;‡Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA;§SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand;‖US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD;¶Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD;#Biostatistics and Data Management Core, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; and**Department of Retrovirology, US Army Medical Component-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (USAMC-AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand.
Abstract:
Monocytes play a vital role in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), postulated to transport HIV into the brain and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines. We analyzed cytokines released by cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells enriched with the CD14 marker isolated from HIV-infected individuals with HAND and normal cognition (NC) in combination antiretroviral therapy naive and after 1 year on treatment. Interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels were higher in HAND compared with NC at baseline (P = 0.002 and P < 0.0001). These cytokines remained higher in HAND patients 1 year after combination antiretroviral therapy and were significant when NC patients who were initially HAND were excluded (P = 0.012 and P = 0.002). Both correlated with baseline CD14 peripheral blood mononuclear cell HIV DNA levels supporting the role of HIV DNA reservoir size and monocyte cytokines in HAND persistence.
