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Visceral adiposity index and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in hypogonadism
Cem Haymana1, Alper Sonmez1, Aydogan Aydogdu1
1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
Insights
Patients with hypogonadism show increased visceral adiposity index (VAI) and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio. These markers correlate with cardiometabolic risk factors but do not predict them independently.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Metabolic Syndrome
Background:
- Hypogonadism is associated with elevated cardiometabolic risk.
- Visceral adiposity index (VAI) and TG/HDL-C ratio are key indicators of atherosclerosis and insulin resistance.
- No prior studies have investigated VAI and TG/HDL-C ratio in hypogonadism.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate VAI and TG/HDL-C ratio in patients with congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (CHH).
- To assess the correlation of VAI and TG/HDL-C ratio with markers of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and insulin resistance.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 112 CHH patients and 124 healthy controls was studied.
- Measurements included VAI, TG/HDL-C ratio, ADMA, hs-CRP, HOMA-IR, and total testosterone.
- Statistical analyses were performed to compare groups and assess correlations.
Main Results:
- CHH patients exhibited higher VAI, TG/HDL-C ratio, ADMA, hs-CRP, and HOMA-IR compared to controls.
- VAI and TG/HDL-C ratio showed weak correlations with ADMA, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP, and total testosterone.
- Neither VAI nor TG/HDL-C ratio independently predicted ADMA, HOMA-IR, or hs-CRP levels.
Conclusions:
- Patients with hypogonadism have elevated VAI and TG/HDL-C ratio, correlating with cardiometabolic risk markers.
- The predictive value of VAI and TG/HDL-C ratio for cardiometabolic risk in hypogonadism requires further investigation.
- Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the role of these markers in predicting cardiovascular outcomes.
Background:
Cardiometabolic risk is high in patients with hypogonadism. Visceral adiposity index (VAI) and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio are the practical markers of atherosclerosis and insulin resistance and independent predictors of cardiaovascular risk. To date, no study has evaluated VAI levels and TG/HDL-C ratio in hypogonadism.
Subjects And Methods:
A total of 112 patients with congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (CHH) (mean age, 21.7 ± 2.06 years) and 124 healthy subjects (mean age, 21.5 ± 1.27 years) were enrolled. The demographic parameters, VAI, TG/HDL-C ratio, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were measured for all participants.
Results:
The patients had higher total cholesterol (p = 0.04), waist circumference, triglycerides, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels (p = 0.001 for all) than the healthy subjects. VAI and ADMA and TG/HDL-C levels were also higher in patients than in healthy subjects (p < 0.001 for all). VAI was weakly correlated with ADMA (r = 0.27, p = 0.015), HOMA-IR (r = 0.22, p = 0.006), hs-CRP (r = 0.19, p = 0.04), and total testosterone (r = -0.21, p = 0.009) levels, whereas TG/HDL-C ratio was weakly correlated weakly with ADMA (r = 0.30, p = 0.003), HOMA-IR (r = 0.22, p = 0.006), and total testosterone (r = -0.16, p = 0.03) levels. Neither VAI nor TG/HDL-C ratio determined ADMA, HOMA-IR, and hs-CRP levels.
Conclusions:
The results of this study demonstrate that patients with hypogonadism have elevated VAI and TG/HDL-C ratio. These values are significantly correlated with the surrogate markers of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and insulin resistance. However, the predictive roles of VAI and TG/HDL-C ratio are not significant. Prospective follow-up studies are warranted to clarify the role of VAI and TG/HDL-C ratio in predicting cardiometabolic risk in patients with hypogonadism.
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