Activation of latent herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in vitro requires a...

Previous studies have shown that herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 (HSV-2) can be maintained in a latent state in a limited number of cells by elevating the incubation temperature after treatment of HSV-infected human fetus lung fibroblast cells with metabolic inhibitors. Superinfection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) of latently infected cells maintained at the elevated temperature reactivated latent virus. In addition, superinfection with temperature-sensitive mutants indicated that reactivation of latent HSV in vitro did not require the expression of late gene function(s) of the superinfecting virus. We now report the (i) design of an in vitro HSV-2-latency system in which a higher percentage of cells contain a virus genome that can be activated; and (ii) subsequent use of this system to further characterize the virus activation process. Superinfection with a transcription-negative temperature-sensitive mutant of HSV type 1 (HSV-1) did not reactivate HSV-2-replication, suggesting that adsorption and penetration of the superinfecting virus were not sufficient for reactivation of the latent virus. Furthermore, superinfection with HSV-1 in the presence of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine did not reactivate HSV-2 replication, suggesting that the expression of the immediate-early gene products are not sufficient for HSV-2 reactivation. Collectively, these data suggest that in addition to the expression of immediate-early gene function(s) at least a subset of early HSV-1 gene products are required for reactivation of latent HSV-2 in vitro.