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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

5.4K
The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Neighborhood Differences in Post-Stroke Mortality.

Theresa L Osypuk1, Amy Ehntholt2, J Robin Moon2

  • 1From the Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis (T.L.O.); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (A.E., P.G., M.M.G.); SBH Health System, Bronx Partners for Healthy Communities, NY (J.R.M.); and Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco (P.G., M.M.G.). tosypuk@umn.edu.

Circulation. Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes
|February 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neighborhood disadvantage increases post-stroke mortality risk. However, most neighborhood effects on mortality are similar for stroke survivors and the general population, indicating broader societal factors are at play.

Keywords:
communitymortalityneighborhoodsocial supportsocioeconomic factorsstroke

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Post-stroke mortality rates are higher in disadvantaged neighborhoods.
  • It remains unclear if these neighborhood inequalities are stroke-specific or reflect general population mortality patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if neighborhood disadvantage predicts higher post-stroke mortality.
  • To determine if neighborhood effects on mortality are greater for stroke patients compared to individuals without a history of stroke.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Health and Retirement Study (n=15,560) of participants aged ≥50 years.
  • Followed participants for incident stroke and mortality over 12 years, analyzing objective census tract data and self-reported social ties.
  • Employed Cox proportional hazard models to compare neighborhood mortality effects in stroke survivors versus stroke-free individuals.

Main Results:

  • Most neighborhood characteristics predicted mortality for both stroke patients and the general population.
  • Neighborhood racial composition (percent white) showed a stronger association with lower mortality in stroke survivors than in stroke-free adults (P=0.04 for interaction).
  • Neighborhood-mortality associations were observed within 3 months post-stroke, sometimes stronger than in the general population.

Conclusions:

  • Neighborhood characteristics influence mortality, but most effects are comparable between stroke survivors and those without stroke.
  • Addressing stroke survival disparities may necessitate interventions beyond traditional post-stroke care, targeting broader socioeconomic factors.