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Money for microbes-Pathogen avoidance and out-group helping behaviour.

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Summary

Pathogen cues can trigger a behavioral immune system (BIS), influencing aid decisions. Individuals with high BIS sensitivity avoid direct contact, preferring monetary aid over personnel or refugees during crises.

Keywords:
Behavioural immune systemIndividual differencesInter-group helpPathogen cues

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Humans possess physiological and behavioral immune systems (BIS) to combat pathogens.
  • The BIS includes cognitive mechanisms like disgust, influencing pathogen avoidance.
  • Pathogen cues can increase in-group preference and xenophobia, but effects on humanitarian aid are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how pathogen cues influence humanitarian aid decisions.
  • To examine if these effects differ for instrumental (money) versus non-instrumental aid (personnel, refugees).
  • To determine if individual differences in BIS sensitivity moderate these responses.

Main Methods:

  • Two online studies were conducted with 188 and 210 participants.
  • Participants' willingness to provide humanitarian aid was assessed under hypothetical crisis scenarios.
  • The influence of pathogen cues and BIS sensitivity on aid preferences was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Pathogen cues significantly affected aid decisions, particularly for individuals with high BIS sensitivity.
  • High BIS sensitivity individuals preferred sending money over personnel or accepting refugees when infection risk was present.
  • This suggests a contamination avoidance strategy influencing out-group aid.

Conclusions:

  • Pathogen cues can shape humanitarian aid preferences through the behavioral immune system.
  • BIS-sensitive individuals may limit direct engagement with out-groups during perceived infection risks.
  • Findings highlight the role of evolved psychological mechanisms in intergroup relations and aid provision.