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Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Efficient Agroinfiltration of Plants for High-level Transient Expression of Recombinant Proteins
Published on: July 23, 2013
Expression and functional evaluation of biopharmaceuticals made in plant chloroplasts
Bei Zhang1, Balamurugan Shanmugaraj1, Henry Daniell1
1Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6030, USA.
Abstract:
After approval of the first plant-made biopharmaceutical by FDA for human use, many protein drugs are now in clinical development. Within the last decade, significant advances have been made in expression of heterologous complex/large proteins in chloroplasts of edible plants using codon optimized human or viral genes. Furthermore, advances in quantification enable determination of in-planta drug dosage. Oral delivery of plastid-made biopharmaceuticals (PMB) is affordable because it eliminates prohibitively expensive fermentation, purification processes addressing major challenges of short shelf-life after cold storage. In this review, we discuss recent advances in PMBs against metabolic, inherited or infectious diseases, and also mechanisms of post-translational modifications (PTM) in order to increase our understanding of functional PMBs.
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