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Related Concept Videos

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Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
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If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
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San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
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Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
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Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
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Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
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Facet-Dependent Thermal Instability in LiCoO2.

Soroosh Sharifi-Asl1, Fernando A Soto2, Anmin Nie3

  • 1Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.

Nano Letters
|February 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oxygen release from lithium cobalt oxide cathodes triggers thermal runaways in lithium-ion batteries. Facet orientation significantly impacts oxygen evolution, offering insights for designing safer battery materials.

Keywords:
LiCoO2 degradationLithium-ion batteriesab initio molecular dynamicsin situ STEM/EELSoxygen releasethermal stability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Battery Technology

Background:

  • Thermal runaways in lithium-ion batteries are a significant safety concern.
  • Oxygen release from cathode materials is a primary trigger for these events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of oxygen release from LixCoO2 cathode materials at elevated temperatures.
  • To understand the role of crystal facet orientation in oxygen evolution and thermal stability.

Main Methods:

  • In situ aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) at high temperatures.
  • Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations (AIMD).

Main Results:

  • Oxygen release from LixCoO2 occurs at particle surfaces and is linked to phase transitions (layered to spinel to rock salt).
  • Oxygen evolution is facet-dependent; [001] facets are stable at 300 °C, while [012] and [104] facets release oxygen.
  • Under-coordinated oxygen atoms in delithiated structures combine and evolve as O2.

Conclusions:

  • Facet orientation critically influences the thermal stability of LixCoO2 cathodes.
  • Understanding these mechanisms aids in designing safer lithium-ion batteries with improved thermal management.