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Histomorphometric Evaluation of Two Different Bone Substitutes in Sinus Floor Augmentation Procedures
Marco Portelli1, Marco Cicciù, Floriana Lauritano
1*Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, Dental School, University of Messina, Messina †Vita-Salute San Raffaele University ‡Unit of Dentistry, Division of Orthodontics, Research Area in Dentofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
This study compared deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) and poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HA) for sinus floor augmentation. Both materials yielded similar total bone volume, but PLGA/HA showed complete replacement by new bone.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Sinus floor augmentation is crucial for dental implant success in atrophic maxillae.
- Evaluating bone graft substitutes is essential for optimizing augmentation outcomes.
- Deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) and synthetic materials like poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HA) are used.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the histomorphometric outcomes of deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) and poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HA) in sinus floor augmentation.
- To assess new bone formation, residual graft material, and total bone volume at 6 months post-grafting.
Main Methods:
- A randomized study involving 12 sinus augmentations in 8 patients with maxillary atrophy.
- Grafts were assessed at 6 months using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and biopsy samples.
- Histomorphometric analysis evaluated total bone volume, residual graft volume, and new bone volume.
Main Results:
- Poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HA) showed no residual graft material, indicating complete replacement by new bone.
- Deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) exhibited a mean residual graft area of 16.60%.
- Both materials resulted in comparable mean total bone volumes (PLGA/HA: 44.45%, DBB: 44.11%), with a trend towards greater new bone formation with PLGA/HA.
Conclusions:
- Deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) and poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HA) achieve similar total bone volumes in sinus floor augmentation.
- PLGA/HA appears to be fully integrated and replaced by host bone, while DBB retains significant graft particles.
- Further clinical trials are necessary to establish the suitability of PLGA/HA for widespread use in sinus floor augmentation.
