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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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m1A Post-Transcriptional Modification in tRNAs.

Stephanie Oerum1, Clément Dégut2, Pierre Barraud3

  • 1Institut de Biologie Physico-chimique (IBPC), CNRS, UMR 8261 CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France. oerum@ibpc.fr.

Biomolecules
|February 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This review explores 1-methyladenosine (m1A) modifications in transfer RNA (tRNA), detailing their sites, biological roles, and the enzymes responsible. It focuses on m1A formation at specific tRNA positions and the enzymes involved.

Keywords:
1-methyladenosineTrm10Trm6–Trm61TrmITrmt10Cm1AtRNA, methylation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Transfer RNA (tRNA) undergoes over 90 post-transcriptional modifications, enhancing its functional diversity.
  • Methylation is the most common tRNA modification, occurring at various nitrogen and carbon sites, and the ribose 2'-OH.
  • 1-methyladenosine (m1A) is a specific methylation found at multiple positions (9, 14, 22, 57, 58) in tRNA, influencing structure and folding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of known m1A modifications in tRNA.
  • To detail the biological roles and responsible enzymes for each m1A modification across species.
  • To examine the tRNA binding, methylation mechanism, and structural organization of enzymes responsible for m1A at positions 9 and 58.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of m1A modifications in tRNA.
  • Analysis of enzyme families responsible for m1A formation.
  • Structural and mechanistic investigation of key m1A methyltransferases.

Main Results:

  • Identification of multiple m1A modification sites in tRNA.
  • Elucidation of the biological significance of specific m1A modifications.
  • Detailed characterization of two enzyme families involved in m1A synthesis at tRNA positions 9 and 58.

Conclusions:

  • m1A modifications are crucial for tRNA stability and function.
  • Specific enzymes and their mechanisms govern m1A formation at distinct tRNA sites.
  • Understanding these modifications provides insights into tRNA regulation and cellular processes.