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X-ray Diffraction and Rietveld Refinement in Deferrified Clays for Forensic Science.

Luis V Prandel1, Vander de F Melo1, André M Brinatti2

  • 1Soil Science Department, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários 1540, 80035-050, Curitiba (PR), Brazil.

Journal of Forensic Sciences
|February 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Soil clay analysis using the Rietveld method with X-ray diffraction (RM-XRD) effectively identified mineral compositions. This nondestructive technique aids in distinguishing soil samples from different locations and depths for forensic investigations.

Keywords:
crystallite sizedithionite-citrate-bicarbonateforensic sciencegibbsitekaolinitemultivariate analysisrietveld method

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Mineralogy
  • Forensic Science

Background:

  • Soil vestiges can offer crucial evidence at crime scenes.
  • Characterizing soil minerals is key to forensic analysis.
  • The Rietveld method with X-ray diffraction (RM-XRD) is a nondestructive technique for mineral identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the applicability of RM-XRD for discriminating soil clays.
  • To analyze soil samples from the metropolitan region of Curitiba, Brazil.

Main Methods:

  • Soil clays underwent DCB treatment.
  • X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed using CuKα radiation.
  • Rietveld refinement was conducted using GSAS+EXPGUI software.
  • Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed for data interpretation.

Main Results:

  • RM-XRD successfully identified mineral compositions, with kaolinite predominating in most samples.
  • Quartz content was highest at 'site 1'.
  • Anatase, gibbsite, and muscovite contents varied, aiding in sample discrimination.
  • PCA accounted for 52.6% of the total variance, highlighting mineralogical differences.

Conclusions:

  • RM-XRD effectively discriminated soil clays from four sites and two horizons.
  • The technique requires minimal sample amounts, making it suitable for forensic applications.
  • RM-XRD is a valuable tool for the investigation of soil vestiges in forensic science.