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Three-dimensional printing of X-ray computed tomography datasets with multiple materials using open-source data

Ian M Sander1, Matthew T McGoldrick1, My N Helms1,2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana.

Anatomical Sciences Education
|February 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a protocol for creating 3D printed anatomical models using affordable, consumer-grade printers and free software. This method facilitates the integration of 3D printed anatomical models into educational settings.

Keywords:
3D printingadditive manufacturinganatomical modelsanatomical science educationimage processingopen source software

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomical Education
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • 3D Printing Technology

Background:

  • Three-dimensional (3D) printing enables the creation of physical models from digital data, including patient-specific anatomical structures from CT scans.
  • Despite the availability of 3D printing technology and digital resources, academic programs have been slow to adopt its use for educational purposes.
  • Integrating 3D printed anatomical models can enhance learning experiences in anatomy and related sciences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present a protocol for producing enlarged bone core and accurate human sinus passage models using consumer-grade 3D printers and free software.
  • To compare the surface rendering resolutions of different free software platforms for generating biomedical data surface maps.
  • To facilitate the adoption of 3D printed anatomical models in educational curricula.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized consumer-grade fused deposition modeling (FDM) printers and a combination of free software platforms.
  • Developed a protocol for producing enlarged bone core and accurate human sinus passage 3D printed models.
  • Compared the resolution of three surface rendering programs (including 3D Slicer) using human anatomical data (sinuses, body, wrist).

Main Results:

  • 3D Slicer demonstrated the highest compatibility and surface resolution for generating anatomical models suitable for 3D printing.
  • Successful production of enlarged bone core and accurate human sinus passage models was achieved.
  • The study validated the feasibility of using consumer-grade equipment and free software for anatomical model creation.

Conclusions:

  • A cost-effective and accessible methodological approach for creating 3D printed anatomical models using consumer-grade FDM printers and free software is presented.
  • The outlined methods can significantly facilitate the incorporation of 3D printed anatomical models into classroom settings.
  • This protocol supports the advancement of anatomical education through accessible 3D printing technologies.