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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Mate Choice01:20

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Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.
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When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.
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The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
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What is Natural Selection?01:32

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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Measures of species biodiversity, such as richness (i.e., the number of species present) and evenness (i.e., their relative abundance), describe an ecological community’s structure. Many factors affect community structure, including abiotic factors (e.g., sunlight and nutrients), disturbances (e.g., fire or flood), species interactions (e.g., predation or competition), and chance events (e.g., foreign species invasion). Certain species—such as keystone species—also play a...
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Editor-in-Chief's Top Picks From 2016: Part Two.

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    Journal of the American College of Cardiology
    |February 25, 2017
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    Summary

    This review highlights key cardiovascular research from JACC across 15 specialties. It includes editor-selected, highly accessed, and board-approved articles for a comprehensive overview.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Medicine
    • Clinical Cardiology
    • Translational Research

    Background:

    • The Journal of the American College of Cardiology (JACC) publishes a wide range of cardiovascular research.
    • Efficiently disseminating this extensive research to clinicians and researchers is essential.
    • A curated selection of significant articles aids in staying abreast of advancements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a comprehensive overview of significant research published in JACC.
    • To consolidate high-impact original investigations and review articles from diverse cardiovascular specialties.
    • To provide accessible summaries of the most accessed and editorially selected manuscripts.

    Main Methods:

    • Personal selection of papers by the JACC editor from 15 distinct specialties.

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  • Inclusion of manuscripts with the highest access or download rates from JACC websites.
  • Inclusion of manuscripts selected by JACC Editorial Board members.
  • Categorization of selected articles into two parts covering 15 specialties.

    • Main Results:

    • The issue presents a broad spectrum of cardiovascular research, including basic and translational science.
    • Key areas covered span from cardiac failure and hypertension to imaging, valvular heart disease, and vascular medicine.
    • Content is organized to facilitate a consumable review of important findings.

    Conclusions:

    • This curated collection offers a valuable resource for understanding the breadth of current cardiovascular research.
    • The selection process ensures coverage of impactful studies, reader interest, and editorial focus.
    • The presented articles represent critical advancements across the cardiovascular field.