Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

8.0K
The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
8.0K
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

79.8K
Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
79.8K
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

15.0K
Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
15.0K
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

4.7K
4.7K
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

9.8K
The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...
9.8K
Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

13.6K
The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can...
13.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

<b>Molecular and morphological discrimination of <i>Taliepus marginatus</i> (Bell, 1836) and <i>T. dentatus</i> (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Epialtidae): insights from their larval development</b>.

Zootaxa·2026
Same author

Optimization of sequential therapies to maximize extinction of resistant bacteria through collateral sensitivity.

Physical review. E·2026
Same author

Out-of-field neutron doses in proton therapy: from experimental characterization to a practical calculation tool.

Physics in medicine and biology·2026
Same author

A generative model for bipartite gene-sharing networks.

ArXiv·2026
Same author

Hitchhikers on an Invader: The Parasitic Leech <i>Myzobdella lugubris</i> and the Epibiotic Barnacle <i>Amphibalanus improvisus</i> on the Atlantic Blue Crab <i>Callinectes sapidus</i> in Southwestern Europe.

Ecology and evolution·2026
Same author

Hierarchical genotype networks and incipient ecological speciation in Q[Formula: see text] phage quasispecies.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing
08:25

Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing

Published on: November 14, 2019

12.9K

Enumerating secondary structures and structural moieties for circular RNAs.

Jose A Cuesta1, Susanna Manrubia2

  • 1Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Spain; Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain; Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems, Zaragoza, Spain; UC3M-BS Institute of Financial Big Data (IFiBiD), Spain.

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|February 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study quantifies circular RNA secondary structures using symbolic combinatorics. The number of structures grows exponentially with length, and structural elements are normally distributed for large circular RNAs.

Keywords:
Analytic combinatoricsGenotype-phenotype mapViroids

More Related Videos

Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs
13:10

Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs

Published on: March 10, 2020

7.8K
In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions
10:27

In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: October 21, 2022

2.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing
08:25

Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing

Published on: November 14, 2019

12.9K
Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs
13:10

Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs

Published on: March 10, 2020

7.8K
In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions
10:27

In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: October 21, 2022

2.1K

Area of Science:

  • Computational Biology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Understanding the genotype-phenotype map is crucial for molecular biology.
  • RNA secondary structures serve as phenotypes for RNA sequences.
  • Circular RNAs exhibit distinct properties compared to linear RNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively characterize the relationship between molecular sequence and structure in circular RNAs.
  • To enumerate secondary structures of circular RNAs and analyze their properties.
  • To investigate the asymptotic distributions of structural elements in circular RNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Symbolic combinatorics was employed for enumerating secondary structures.
  • Asymptotic distributions of structural moieties (stems, hairpin loops) were calculated.
  • Mathematical analysis was used to derive growth rates and distribution properties.

Main Results:

  • The number of secondary structures for circular RNAs asymptotically grows as ann-5/2.
  • The abundance of structural moieties follows a normal distribution for large n.
  • The mean and variance of structural moieties increase linearly with n.

Conclusions:

  • Circular RNA secondary structure enumeration requires specialized combinatorial techniques.
  • The mathematical framework provides insights into the structural diversity and properties of circular RNAs.
  • This quantitative characterization advances the understanding of RNA structure-function relationships.