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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin-dependent quantum interference in photoemission process from spin-orbit coupled states.

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Spin-orbit interaction creates spin-orbital entanglement in Bi(111) surface states. Laser-ARPES reveals 3D spin rotation and phase of photoexcited states, enabling spin polarization control in solids.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Surface Science
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Spin-orbit interaction is a relativistic effect that couples an electron's spin to its orbital motion.
  • Spin-orbital entanglement has been observed in topological insulator surface states.
  • This entanglement is not exclusive to topological surface states and can occur in other systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spin-orbital texture in the surface state of Bismuth(111) (Bi(111)).
  • To demonstrate and explain the three-dimensional (3D) spin-rotation effect in photoemission.
  • To clarify the role of spin-dependent quantum interference and the phase of dipole transition matrix elements.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized laser-based spin- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (laser-SARPES).
  • Developed a model to describe spin-orbit-coupled systems and spin-orbital locking.
  • Directly detected coherent spin phenomena in photoexcited states.

Main Results:

  • Observed and characterized spin-orbital texture in the Bi(111) surface state.
  • Demonstrated a 3D spin-rotation effect in photoemission due to spin-dependent quantum interference.
  • Showed that spins are locked to orbital symmetries in opposite directions within spin-orbit-coupled systems.

Conclusions:

  • Spin-orbital entanglement is a general phenomenon in spin-orbit-coupled systems, not limited to topological insulators.
  • Laser-SARPES is a powerful tool for detecting coherent spin phenomena and clarifying photoexcitation processes.
  • The findings enable the tuning of spin polarization in optically excited electrons within solids possessing strong spin-orbit interaction.