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Fandom Biases Retrospective Judgments Not Perception.

Markus Huff1, Frank Papenmeier1, Annika E Maurer1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany.

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Fandom influences how sports events are interpreted, but initial visual processing stages remain unbiased. This study shows that while retrospective judgments are fan-dependent, attention and memory recall are largely similar across fan groups.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Attitudes and motivations can bias visual processing, leading to individual differences in perception.
  • However, unbiased information processing is crucial for adaptive real-life functioning.
  • Previous research indicated that strong attitudes, like fandom, bias judgments of events, but effects on earlier processing stages were unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of fandom on various visual processing stages during a live sports event.
  • To determine if strong attitudes bias attention, event segmentation, memory, and affective responses.

Main Methods:

  • Studied fans during the live broadcast of the 2013 UEFA-Champions-League Final.
  • Measured eye-movements, event segmentation, immediate and delayed cued recall, affect, memory confidence, and retrospective judgments.
  • Compared data between different fan groups.

Main Results:

  • Biased retrospective judgments were replicated, confirming attitudinal influence on interpretation.
  • Eye-movements, event segmentation, and cued recall showed remarkable similarity between fan groups.
  • Initial processing stages, including attention and memory encoding, appear largely unbiased by fandom.

Conclusions:

  • While strong fandom leads to biased interpretations of engaging events like sports finals, the initial stages of visual processing are not significantly affected.
  • This suggests a dissociation between early, automatic visual processing and later, more subjective evaluative stages.
  • Unbiased processing of dynamic events may be preserved even under conditions of strong attitudinal involvement.