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Age-dependent trajectories differ between within-pair and extra-pair paternity success.

Y-H Hsu1,2, M J P Simons3, J Schroeder4,5

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Journal of Evolutionary Biology
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Summary

Male house sparrows show age-related changes in both within-pair and extra-pair paternity. Extra-pair success peaks later in life, suggesting age-dependent mating strategies for reproductive success.

Keywords:
ageingbreeding successindirect benefitslife-history strategymating systemoptimal allocation strategy

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Behavioral ecology
  • Animal reproduction

Background:

  • Reproductive success often varies with age, increasing initially and then declining (reproductive senescence).
  • In socially monogamous species with genetic polygamy, male mating strategies (within-pair vs. extra-pair) may have distinct age-related trajectories.
  • Understanding these age-specific patterns is crucial for explaining mating system evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the age-dependent patterns of both within-pair and extra-pair paternity success in male house sparrows.
  • To compare the trajectories of these two mating tactics across a male's lifespan.
  • To determine if age influences the pay-offs of alternative mating strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 13 years of longitudinal data from an insular house sparrow (Passer domesticus) population.
  • Employed within-individual analyses to track changes in reproductive success with age.
  • Simultaneously analyzed both within-pair and extra-pair paternity success.

Main Results:

  • Both within-pair and extra-pair paternity success increased with age, followed by a decline indicative of senescence.
  • The age trajectories of within-pair and extra-pair paternity success differed significantly.
  • Extra-pair paternity success showed a faster early-life increase and a delayed decline compared to within-pair success.

Conclusions:

  • Male house sparrows exhibit age-dependent shifts in reproductive effort between within-pair and extra-pair mating tactics.
  • These differential trajectories suggest age-specific optimal strategies for maximizing combined reproductive benefits.
  • The interplay of mating strategies and age-related mortality may explain variation in extra-pair paternity.