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Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Non-Invasive Monitoring of Microvascular Oxygenation and Reactive Hyperemia using Hybrid, Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for Critical Care
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The SmartOR: a distributed sensor network to improve operating room efficiency.

Albert Y Huang1,2,3, Guillaume Joerger4,5,6, Vid Fikfak4,5,7

  • 1University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA. AYHuang@houstonmethodist.org.

Surgical Endoscopy
|February 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an inexpensive, automated operating room (OR) utilization system called SmartOR. The system reliably captures real-time OR data, identifying inefficiencies and improving patient flow.

Keywords:
Emerging technologyLaparoscopic efficiencyOperating room efficiencyOperating room managementPatient safetyWireless technology

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare Management
  • Medical Informatics
  • Operations Research

Background:

  • Operating room (OR) time is expensive, with current efficiency often below 70%.
  • Existing OR utilization programs lack real-time data and rely on manual entry or costly hardware.
  • This study addresses the need for an automated, cost-effective OR utilization system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an inexpensive, automated system for real-time operating room utilization tracking.
  • To analyze operating room efficiency using data from the developed system.
  • To identify specific areas of inefficiency in OR workflows.

Main Methods:

  • Deconstructed OR activity into four room states.
  • Developed a sensor network with three sensors and a local wireless network for automated state capture.
  • Installed the SmartOR system in two ORs, recording data 24/7 for 1003 cases over 13 months.

Main Results:

  • Mean OR turnover time was 36 minutes, with only 38% meeting the goal of ≤30 minutes.
  • Identified outlier cases in patient entry to intubation (11%) and extubation to exit (11%).
  • OR teams took 22 minutes to room patients after surgeon identification, exceeding the required 20-minute pre-procedure window.

Conclusions:

  • The SmartOR system automatically and reliably captures OR room state data in real time.
  • The system identifies outlier cases for closer examination to improve efficiency.
  • Indisputable, automated data allows OR teams to maintain a patient-centric focus and enhance operational efficiency.