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Updated: Jul 25, 2026

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
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Published on: August 18, 2020

[Cannabis-induced disorders].

M Soyka1,2,3, U Preuss4, E Hoch5

  • 1Psychiatrische Klinik, Universität München, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, München, Deutschland. m.soyka@medicalpark.de.

Der Nervenarzt
|February 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Cannabis use is common, with few dependent users. While controversial, medical cannabis may help chronic pain and spasticity, but carries risks of psychiatric disorders and dependence.

Keywords:
Cannabis abusePathophysiologyPharmacotherapyPsychotherapySchizophrenia

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Area of Science:

  • Addiction Medicine
  • Psychiatry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cannabis (marihuana) use and misuse are prevalent in the adult population, with approximately 5% being current users, though only 1.2% exhibit dependence.
  • The medical utility of cannabis remains debated, despite some evidence supporting its efficacy in managing chronic pain and spasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of cannabis use, its medical applications, associated risks, and treatment strategies.
  • To highlight the psychiatric and physical health concerns linked to cannabis consumption.
  • To discuss available interventions for cannabis use disorder and relapse prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on cannabis use, effects, and treatment.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data on cannabis use and dependence.
  • Evaluation of evidence for medical cannabis efficacy and associated risks.

Main Results:

  • Cannabis use is widespread, but dependence rates are relatively low.
  • Potential benefits for chronic pain and spasticity exist, but are controversial.
  • Significant risks include somatic toxicity, psychiatric disorders (cognitive impairment, amotivational syndrome, psychoses), and dependence.
  • Withdrawal symptoms are generally mild and typically do not necessitate pharmacological treatment.
  • No established pharmacotherapy currently exists for relapse prevention.

Conclusions:

  • Cannabis use presents a complex profile of potential therapeutic benefits and significant psychiatric and physical risks.
  • Psychosocial interventions, including psychoeducation, behavioral therapy, and motivational enhancement, are key treatment components.
  • The CANDIS protocol represents a well-established German intervention focused on abstinence-oriented therapies for cannabis use disorder.