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The Kinetic Model of Gases01:24

The Kinetic Model of Gases

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The kinetic model of gases explains the properties of a perfect gas using three main assumptions: molecules move in ceaseless random motion, their size is negligible compared to the distances between them, and they do not interact except during perfectly elastic collisions. The total energy of a gas is the sum of the kinetic energies of all its constituent molecules. The pressure exerted by the gas arises from the continual bombardment of the container walls by billions of colliding molecules.
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The motion of molecules in a gas is random in magnitude and direction for individual molecules, but a gas of many molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds. This predictable distribution of molecular speeds is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The distribution of molecular speeds in liquids is comparable to that of gases but not identical and can help to understand the phenomenon of the boiling and vapor pressure of a liquid. Consider that a molecule requires a...
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Active Brownian particles moving in a random Lorentz gas.

Maria Zeitz1, Katrin Wolff2, Holger Stark2

  • 1Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany. maria.zeitz@tu-berlin.de.

The European Physical Journal. E, Soft Matter
|February 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Active Brownian particles (ABPs) exhibit faster long-time dynamics in porous media. Their diffusion is influenced by obstacle density and propulsion speed, showing complex subdiffusive and superdiffusive behaviors.

Keywords:
Soft Matter: Colloids and Nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Biophysics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Biological microswimmers operate in complex, crowded environments like soil.
  • Understanding particle spreading in such heterogeneous media is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically investigate the spreading dynamics of active Brownian particles (ABPs) in a 2D random Lorentz gas.
  • To analyze how obstacle density and particle propulsion influence diffusion and motion patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulation of non-interacting ABPs in a 2D random Lorentz gas.
  • Analysis of particle trajectories near the percolation transition.
  • Extraction of effective swimming velocity and persistence time from velocity autocorrelation functions.

Main Results:

  • ABPs exhibit subdiffusive motion near the percolation transition, similar to passive particles.
  • Persistent motion leads to faster long-time dynamics and intermediate-time superdiffusion for ABPs.
  • Above a critical obstacle density, ABPs become trapped; below it, diffusion depends strongly on propulsion speed (v0).
  • Increased v0 leads to longer trapping times at obstacles, reducing the long-time diffusion constant more significantly than for passive particles in denser environments.

Conclusions:

  • The complex interplay between obstacle environment and active particle propulsion dictates spreading dynamics.
  • Active Brownian particles display distinct diffusive behaviors compared to passive particles in porous media.
  • Propulsion speed significantly modulates the impact of obstacle density on ABP diffusion.