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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum01:26

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum

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The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
Perineal Layer
The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm, divided into an anterior urogenital triangle that contains the external genitals and a posterior anal triangle housing the anus. The urogenital...
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Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
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Genetic Etiology in Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Role of Connective Tissue Homeostasis, Hormone Metabolism, and Oxidative Stress.

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Pelvic organ prolapse in Caucasian and East Asian women: a comparative study.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
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Longitudinal pelvic floor biometry: which factors affect it?

S S C Chan1, R Y K Cheung1, L L Lee1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.

Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
|February 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pelvic floor changes, including a lower bladder neck and greater hiatal area (HA), persist 3-5 years after childbirth. Vaginal delivery, especially multiple deliveries, is associated with more significant pelvic floor changes than Cesarean section.

Keywords:
bladder neckcervixhiatal arealevator ani muscle avulsionpelvic floor biometrysecond delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Pelvic Floor Imaging
  • Female Pelvic Medicine

Background:

  • Pelvic floor dysfunction can significantly impact women's quality of life postpartum.
  • Understanding long-term changes in pelvic floor biometry is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate pelvic floor biometry 3-5 years after a woman's first delivery.
  • To assess the impact of subsequent deliveries and delivery mode on pelvic floor measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Translabial ultrasound was used to assess pelvic floor structures (bladder neck, cervix, anorectal junction, hiatal area).
  • 328 women were initially studied, with 240 completing follow-up 3-5 years postpartum.
  • Effects of parity, delivery mode (vaginal delivery vs. Cesarean section), and levator ani muscle avulsion were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Compared to 1-year postpartum and first pregnancy, women showed a lower bladder neck, cervix, and anorectal junction, and a larger hiatal area (HA) at 3-5 years.
  • These changes occurred regardless of parity or delivery mode.
  • Women with multiple vaginal deliveries had a larger HA than those with a single vaginal delivery or Cesarean section only.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term changes in pelvic floor biometry (lower support, larger HA) are evident 3-5 years after the first delivery.
  • Vaginal delivery, particularly multiparous vaginal delivery, is associated with greater pelvic floor changes compared to Cesarean section.