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Withdrawing a solid from a bath: How much liquid is coated?

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This review explores how complex liquid and solid properties affect the film thickness when a solid is withdrawn from a liquid. Deviations from ideal Newtonian behavior are analyzed, highlighting experimental observations and theoretical explanations.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Surface science
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Withdrawal of a solid from a liquid bath results in entrained film formation.
  • Idealized models consider pure Newtonian liquids and simple solids.
  • Real-world scenarios often involve complexities affecting film thickness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review deviations from idealized liquid film entrainment.
  • To analyze the impact of liquid-air interface, rheology, and solid properties.
  • To summarize experimental and theoretical findings on complex film formation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental and theoretical studies.
  • Analysis of deviations from Newtonian fluid behavior.
  • Examination of factors influencing film thickness.

Main Results:

  • Liquid-air interface properties significantly alter film thickness.
  • Non-Newtonian bulk rheological properties cause deviations.
  • Solid surface properties (mechanical and chemical) impact the entrained film.

Conclusions:

  • Complexities in liquid and solid systems lead to significant changes in entrained film thickness.
  • Experimental data and theoretical models are presented to explain these phenomena.
  • Understanding these deviations is crucial for various applications involving liquid coating.