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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
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Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry01:16

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Eccentric axial loading occurs when an axial load is applied away from the centroidal axis of a structural member. This scenario is common in engineering, where structural elements may not be directly aligned due to various design or functional requirements.
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Sutures of the Skull01:22

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
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Unsymmetric Bending - Angle of Neutral Axis01:15

Unsymmetric Bending - Angle of Neutral Axis

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Unsymmetrical bending occurs when a structural member is subjected to bending moments in a plane that does not align with the member's principal axes. This scenario typically arises in beams and other structural components when loads are applied at non-ideal angles, introducing complexities in stress analysis.
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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Increased posterior tibial slope is associated with decreased short- and mid-term survivorship after meniscal allograft transplantation.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis
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Coronal Malalignment in the Adult Knee.

Carlos Uquillas, William Rossy, Eric Strauss

    Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Disease (2013)
    |February 26, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Adult knee coronal plane deformity causes abnormal joint loading and degeneration. Surgical realignment using osteotomy can restore alignment and improve outcomes when combined with other procedures.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedic surgery
    • Biomechanics
    • Adult reconstructive surgery

    Background:

    • Coronal plane deformity in adults leads to abnormal knee joint loading.
    • This malalignment can cause early degenerative changes, arthrosis, and ligamentous instability.
    • Restoring knee alignment is crucial for managing these complex conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To discuss the challenges and management of coronal plane knee deformities in adults.
    • To highlight the role of osteotomy in correcting knee malalignment.
    • To emphasize the importance of established principles in achieving optimal clinical outcomes.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of high tibial osteotomy and distal femoral osteotomy for knee realignment.
    • Discussion of combined procedures including ligament reconstruction and cartilage restoration.

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  • Emphasis on fundamental principles of deformity correction.

    • Main Results:

    • High tibial osteotomy and distal femoral osteotomy are effective tools for correcting adult knee coronal plane deformity.
    • Combined surgical approaches demonstrate high success rates.
    • Adherence to deformity correction principles maximizes clinical results.

    Conclusions:

    • Coronal plane knee deformity requires careful management to prevent degenerative changes.
    • Osteotomy procedures, when combined with other reconstructive techniques, offer successful treatment options.
    • Following established principles of deformity correction is essential for maximizing patient outcomes in adult knee realignment surgery.