Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Production Efficiency01:01

Production Efficiency

18.9K
Net production efficiency (NPE) is the efficiency at which organisms assimilate energy into biomass for the next trophic level. Due to low metabolic rates and less energy spent on thermoregulatory processes, the NPE of ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) is 10 times higher than endotherms (warm-blooded animals).
18.9K
Pharmacodynamic Models: Linear Concentration–Effect Model01:15

Pharmacodynamic Models: Linear Concentration–Effect Model

44
The linear concentration–effect model, underpinned by the principle that pharmacological effect (E) is directly proportional to plasma drug concentration (C), emerges as a pivotal simplification of the Emax model for conditions where C is significantly less than EC50. This model portrays a linear trajectory of the concentration–effect relationship when drug levels are markedly below the EC50 threshold.Despite its inherent assumption of continuous effect augmentation with increasing...
44
Dose-Response Relationship: Potency and Efficacy01:22

Dose-Response Relationship: Potency and Efficacy

7.0K
The potency of a drug is the measure of its ability to produce a biological response and can be compared by looking at the half-maximum effective concentration or EC50 values of different drugs. A lower EC50 value indicates higher potency of the drug. In the dose–response curve of two antihypertensive drugs, candesartan and irbesartan, a significant difference is observed in their EC50 values. A lower EC50 value for candesartan indicates that it is more potent than irbesartan, as it...
7.0K
Pharmacodynamic Models: Emax Drug–Concentration Effect Model01:18

Pharmacodynamic Models: Emax Drug–Concentration Effect Model

93
The Emax drug-concentration effect model is central to pharmacodynamics in drug discovery and development. This model is predicated on the receptor occupancy theory, which posits that the effect of a drug is directly related to the number of receptors occupied by the drug and the resultant complex formation.The model describes the reversible interaction between a drug (C) and a receptor (R) to form a drug-receptor complex (RC). The kinetics of this interaction are quantified by an equation that...
93
Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems01:24

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems

49
The empirical approach to drug therapy optimization relies on correlating pharmacological response with administered dosage. Such an approach can be costly, time-consuming, and often yields poor correlation due to variables like formulation factors and drug elimination characteristics. A more precise approach correlates response with plasma drug concentration or the amount of drug in the body, rather than dosage. This is achieved through pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling, which...
49
Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion01:26

Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion

429
Physiological and compartmental models are valuable tools used in studying biological systems. These models rely on differential equations to maintain mass balance within the system, ensuring an accurate representation of the dynamic processes at play.
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.
429

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Happy Village Plus: Community-empowered health promotion interventions in Sri Lanka.

Social science & medicine (1982)·2026
Same author

Incorporating angina into the H<sub>2</sub>FPEF score improves diagnostic performance for HFpEF in women.

Open heart·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to 'Broadening the lens: a commentary on Sheard and Cauana-Finkel's account of women's progress in UK academic health economics' [Soc. Sci. Med. 382, October 2025, 118411].

Social science & medicine (1982)·2026
Same author

Attribution of credit in acknowledgements: The case of systematic reviews in medicine.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Broadening the lens: a commentary on Sheard and Cauana-Finkel's account of women's progress in UK academic health economics.

Social science & medicine (1982)·2025
Same author

Income-based inequalities in risk factors of NCDs and inequities of preventive care services amongst 202,682 adults: a cross-sectional study of South Asia Biobank.

BMC medicine·2025
Same journal

Physician-led Switching from Reference Biologics to Biosimilars: What is the Effect on selected Health-Related Outcomes and Costs for IBD Patients in Germany?

Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research·2026
Same journal

Critical Comments by the European Medicines Agency on Patient-Reported Outcomes in Regulatory Submissions (2020-2023).

Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research·2026
Same journal

Interpreting the Economic Value of TPEx in Recurrent or Metastatic HNSCC: The Importance of Decision Context, Utility Timing, and Treatment Burden.

Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research·2026
Same journal

Development, use and psychometric properties of vision and hearing bolt-ons for EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L: a systematic review.

Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research·2026
Same journal

Developing Best Practice for Analysing Individual Patient Utility Data in Health Technology Assessment: A Modified Delphi Study.

Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research·2026
Same journal

Cost-Utility Analysis Alongside the GORTEC 2014-01 TPExtreme trial - Author Response to Letter to the Editor.

Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
07:05

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Published on: September 10, 2018

6.5K

Cost-Effectiveness and Dynamic Efficiency: Does the Solution Lie Within?

Rodrigo Refoios Camejo1, Marisa Miraldo2, Frans Rutten3

  • 1Institute of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus Medical Centre, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; GlaxoSmithKline, Value Evidence & Outcomes, London, UK.

Value in Health : the Journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research
|February 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Current pharmaceutical funding models focus on static cost-effectiveness, neglecting future health gains. This research proposes a dynamic efficiency framework for more comprehensive value assessment in healthcare decision-making.

Keywords:
cost-effectivenessdynamic efficiencypharmaceutical innovationvalue framework

More Related Videos

Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease
06:16

Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease

Published on: August 9, 2024

1.0K
The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
07:05

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Published on: September 10, 2018

6.5K
Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease
06:16

Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease

Published on: August 9, 2024

1.0K
The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.2K

Area of Science:

  • Health Economics
  • Pharmaceutical Policy
  • Health Technology Assessment

Background:

  • Current healthcare systems often require demonstrated pharmaceutical value using cost-effectiveness analysis before funding.
  • These assessments typically focus on static efficiency and immediate health gains, overlooking long-term impacts.
  • This approach may lead to an incomplete understanding of a technology's true value over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critique the limitations of static cost-effectiveness thresholds in current value assessment frameworks.
  • To advocate for the integration of dynamic efficiency considerations into funding decisions.
  • To propose a novel value assessment framework incorporating future health value.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of existing health technology assessment (HTA) and cost-effectiveness frameworks.
  • Argumentation for a shift from static to dynamic efficiency in value assessment.
  • Outline of foundational principles for a dynamic value assessment framework.

Main Results:

  • Static cost-effectiveness thresholds provide an incomplete measure of pharmaceutical value.
  • Funding decisions should account for both current and future health gains.
  • A dynamic efficiency perspective offers a more holistic approach to value assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Existing cost-effectiveness systems may undervalue innovations by not considering long-term impacts.
  • Implementing a dynamic efficiency framework can lead to more informed and sustainable healthcare funding decisions.
  • This approach better reflects the evolving value of pharmaceuticals in specific disease areas over time.