Fouling in membrane bioreactors: An updated review

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Water Treatment Technologies
• Chemical Engineering

Background:

• Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are widely studied for wastewater treatment.
• Membrane fouling remains a significant operational challenge in MBRs.
• Previous reviews have established foundational knowledge on MBR fouling.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements (post-2010) in membrane fouling and mitigation strategies for MBRs.
• To update the understanding of foulant composition, characteristics, and fouling mechanisms.
• To highlight emerging and sustainable fouling control methods.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review of research published after 2010.
• Analysis of foulant composition and characteristics in MBR systems.
• Comprehensive review of novel fouling mitigation strategies.

Main Results:

• Updated understanding of foulant composition and fouling mechanisms in MBRs.
• Detailed review of emerging fouling control strategies including mechanical, chemical, biological, electrical, and nanomaterial-based approaches.
• Emphasis on the need for understanding dynamic fouling changes for effective control.

Conclusions:

• Fundamental understanding of dynamic fouling is crucial for developing effective control methods.
• Future strategies prioritize energy efficiency and sustainability over solely improving membrane performance.
• This review offers insights for researchers and recommendations for industrial MBR applications.