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Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

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Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
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Precision surgery and avoiding over-treatment.

A Hosseini1, A L Khoury1, L J Esserman1

  • 1University of California, 1600 Divisadero, 2nd Floor Box 1710, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.

European Journal of Surgical Oncology : the Journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology
|February 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Over-diagnosis of low-risk breast cancer is increasing. This review explores using new tools and data to personalize breast cancer care, moving beyond a one-size-fits-all approach for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Breast neoplasmsMedical overusePrecision medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Breast Cancer Research
  • Personalized Medicine

Background:

  • Increased breast cancer awareness and screening lead to over-diagnosis of low and ultralow-risk cases.
  • Current breast cancer management often employs a one-size-fits-all approach, neglecting individual tumor biology.
  • There is a critical need to optimize targeted therapy delivery for breast cancer patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore novel tools for precise definition of tumor biology.
  • To advocate for changes in clinical practices based on existing data for personalized breast cancer care.
  • To emphasize the importance of tailoring treatment to individual patient and tumor characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical practices in breast cancer management.
  • Exploration of emerging technologies for detailed tumor biology assessment.
  • Analysis of existing data to support the shift towards personalized treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Identification of over-diagnosis and over-treatment as significant issues in current breast cancer screening and management.
  • Highlighting the potential of new tools to better define tumor biology and guide treatment decisions.
  • Demonstrating the prevalence of a standardized approach despite advancements in personalized medicine.

Conclusions:

  • Personalized breast cancer care is essential, integrating systemic therapy, radiation therapy, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) management, and surgical approaches.
  • Surgeons must be equipped with knowledge to implement personalized strategies for screening and treatment.
  • Optimizing breast cancer care requires a move towards individualized treatment plans reflecting unique tumor characteristics.