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Gold nanoparticle interactions in human blood: a model evaluation.

Niloofar Ajdari1, Cian Vyas2, Stephanie L Bogan3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, U.K.

Nanomedicine : Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine
|February 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) at 5 nM concentrations show pro-thrombotic effects, influencing blood clot formation and strength. Specific sizes and surface modifications impact coagulation, aiding in predicting nanoparticle hemocompatibility.

Keywords:
Blood coagulationGold nanoparticlesHaemocompatibilityProtein coronaThromboelastographyThrombogenicity

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are increasingly used in biomedical applications.
  • Assessing their hemocompatibility and thrombogenicity is crucial for safe in vivo use.
  • Thromboelastography offers a rapid method to evaluate nanoparticle-blood interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) size and concentration on blood coagulation.
  • To assess the biological activity of different AuNP surface modifications on blood clotting.
  • To evaluate thromboelastography as a screening tool for predicting in vivo hemocompatibility of nanoparticles.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized thromboelastography to monitor blood coagulation in the presence of colloidal AuNPs (12-85 nm).
  • Investigated concentration-dependent effects of AuNPs (1.2 nM and 5 nM) on clot formation.
  • Assessed the impact of AuNP size (45 nm, 85 nm, 28 nm) on pro-thrombotic response and clot strength.
  • Evaluated the pro-coagulant or anticoagulant activities of functionalized AuNPs (AuNP-RGD, PEG-thiol, fibrinogen, clopidogrel).

Main Results:

  • Colloidal AuNPs showed no effect at 1.2 nM but exhibited pro-thrombotic effects at 5 nM in a concentration-dependent manner.
  • AuNP size influenced coagulation non-linearly; 45 nm and 85 nm particles accelerated pro-thrombotic response.
  • Clot strength decreased with increasing AuNP size, with the most significant reduction observed with 28 nm particles.
  • AuNP-RGD demonstrated pro-coagulant activity, while PEG-thiol, fibrinogen, and clopidogrel showed anticoagulant effects, with bound ligands being more efficient.

Conclusions:

  • Thromboelastography can rapidly screen nanoparticle thrombogenicity and predict in vivo hemocompatibility.
  • AuNP concentration, size, and surface functionalization significantly modulate blood coagulation.
  • Understanding these interactions is vital for the safe design and application of nanoparticles in medicine.