Carboxymethylation of Lepidium sativum polyuronide, its characterization and evaluation as a nanometric carrier

Carboxymethylation of Lepidium sativum polyuronide was carried out to improve its functionality. Carboxymethyl modification was accomplished by reacting it with monochloroacetic acid under alkaline conditions, which yielded a product with degree of carboxymethyl substitution of 1.75. The results of characterization studies revealed that carboxymethylation of L. sativum polyuronide improves its flow property, changes compression behavior from elastic to plastic, diminishes its viscosity and swelling, and increases its crystallinity. The interaction between the anionic carboxymethyl lepidium polyuronide and Mg²⁺ ions was utilized to prepare ionically gelled nanoparticles employing ofloxacin as a model drug. A selected nanoparticulate formulation prepared by interaction between solutions of ofloxacin (0.1%, w/v) containing carboxymethyl lepidium polyuronide (0.15%, w/v) and magnesium chloride (0.05%, w/v) had particle size of 405nm and drug entrapment of 90.41%. On comparative evaluation, no significant difference was observed between the antibacterial activity of selected nanoformulation and conventional aqueous solution of ofloxacin. Further, the nanoparticulate formulation was observed to sustain the release of ofloxacin with 97% of the drug getting released over 12h. The release of ofloxacin from nanoformulation was found to follow first order kinetics with the mechanism of release being erosion of polymer matrix.