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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

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Universal electronic-cigarette test: physiochemical characterization of reference e-liquid.

Jeffrey J Kim1, Nicole Sabatelli2, Wojtek Tutak1,3

  • 1Clinical Research, Volpe Research Center, ADA Foundation, 100 Bureau Drive Stop 8546 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.

Tobacco Induced Diseases
|February 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A new e-liquid Reference Material was developed to standardize electronic cigarette testing. This material ensures accurate research results and aids in assessing e-cigarette health risks.

Keywords:
Electronic-cigaretteReference materialUniversal testing methode-cige-liquid

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Rising health concerns surrounding e-cigarette use necessitate standardized testing methods.
  • Current e-cigarette testing lacks universal standardization, impacting research reliability.
  • Development of a reference material is crucial for advancing e-cigarette health risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a standardized e-liquid Reference Material.
  • To enhance accuracy and reproducibility in e-cigarette research.
  • To support robust health risk assessment of e-cigarette products.

Main Methods:

  • Purity assessment, gravimetric measurement, homogeneity, and stability testing were employed.
  • Material and instrument traceability were maintained following ISO 35:2006E standards.
  • Characterization included homogeneity, stability under thermocycling, and aerosol particle analysis.

Main Results:

  • E-liquid Reference Material requires 1-hour rotation at 5 rpm for homogeneity.
  • Material remains homogeneous for at least 2 weeks and is stable up to 72 hours within 21°C-50°C.
  • Aerosol analysis revealed 16 chemical byproducts and approximately 634,000 particles, with 38% being fine particulate matter (<0.5 μm).
  • Color change observed after 7 days, increasing absorbance over 6 months; viscosity of PG/VG caused concentration discrepancies.

Conclusions:

  • The developed e-liquid Reference Material offers unbiased and robust testing parameters.
  • This standardized material can facilitate independent verification and validation across laboratories.
  • It promotes transparency and reproducibility in e-cigarette materials and methods research.