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Related Concept Videos

Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Ionic Strength: Overview01:12

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The ionic strength of a solution is a quantitative way of expressing the total electrolyte concentration of a solution. This concept was first introduced in 1921 by two American physical chemists, Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall, while describing the activity coefficient of strong electrolytes. During the calculation of ionic strength (I or μ), all the cations and anions are considered. However, the concentration (c) of an ion with a greater charge number (z) has a greater contribution...
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Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

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The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
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Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

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In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
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Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.7K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Are Ionic Liquids Chemically Stable?

Binshen Wang1, Li Qin1, Tiancheng Mu2

  • 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University , 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.

Chemical Reviews
|February 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ionic liquids are not always stable. This review examines the chemical stability of imidazolium, quaternary ammonium, and phosphonium ionic liquids, highlighting potential decomposition pathways and anion reactivity for safer use.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Ionic liquids (ILs) are increasingly used in diverse scientific and engineering fields.
  • Their high stability is often cited as a key advantage.
  • However, a comprehensive understanding of their decomposition is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the chemical stabilities of various ionic liquids.
  • To identify specific structural vulnerabilities and decomposition mechanisms.
  • To provide guidance for the safe and effective application of ILs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the reactivity of imidazolium, quaternary ammonium, and phosphonium ionic liquids.
  • Analysis of decomposition pathways at different structural positions (C2, N1, N3, C4, C5) of imidazolium rings.
  • Examination of anion hydrolysis and nucleophilic reactions.

Main Results:

  • Imidazolium ionic liquids exhibit reactivity at specific ring positions (C2, N1, N3, C4, C5), leading to decomposition.
  • Quaternary ammonium and phosphonium ionic liquids also undergo decomposition.
  • Anions of ionic liquids can be susceptible to hydrolysis and nucleophilic attack.

Conclusions:

  • The inherent stability of ionic liquids is not universal and depends on their structure and environment.
  • Potential decomposition pathways must be considered for reliable applications.
  • This review serves as a cautionary guide for optimizing ionic liquid utilization.