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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

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IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
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Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
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Upper Urinary Tract Tumors: Which Diagnostic Methods Are Needed?

Matthias Maruschke1, Wolfgang Kram, Annette Zimpfer

  • 1Department of Urology, HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany.

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|February 28, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing upper urinary tract (UUT) tumors requires a combination of imaging and diagnostic procedures. Contrast CT scans offer the best imaging performance, but close follow-up is essential due to high recurrence rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Upper urinary tract (UUT) tumors are often diagnosed late, necessitating effective diagnostic strategies.
  • Urothelial carcinomas represent the majority of UUT tumors, frequently presenting with hematuria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of various diagnostic procedures for upper urinary tract tumors.
  • To analyze the influence of tumor stage and grade on recurrence rates.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 113 patients with UUT tumors.
  • Evaluation of tumor characteristics, imaging (intravenous urogram, retrograde ureteropyelography, CT, MRI), urine cytology, and ureterorenoscopy data.
  • Assessment of epidemiological and follow-up data to determine recurrence rates.

Main Results:

  • Retrograde ureteropyelography (87.7%) and CT scans (83.1%) demonstrated high sensitivity in tumor identification.
  • Ureterorenoscopy showed a positive diagnostic rate of 83.9%, while urine cytology was positive in 60.9%.
  • Over 20% of patients experienced tumor recurrence during follow-up, with 76.6% exhibiting invasive growth.

Conclusions:

  • Upper urinary tract tumors should be considered in patients presenting with hematuria and flank pain.
  • Contrast-enhanced CT scans are recommended as a primary imaging modality, often in conjunction with other diagnostic methods for definitive diagnosis.
  • Close patient follow-up is crucial due to the significant recurrence rate observed in UUT tumors.