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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

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Fabrication tolerant chalcogenide mid-infrared multimode interference coupler design with applications for Bracewell

Harry-Dean Kenchington Goldsmith, Nick Cvetojevic, Michael Ireland

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    Summary

    This study demonstrates a novel photonic chip for nulling interferometry, enabling clearer observation of exoplanets. The chip achieves high extinction ratios, crucial for detecting potentially habitable planets.

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    Area of Science:

    • Astronomy and Astrophysics
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Exoplanet formation and habitability studies are crucial for understanding the universe.
    • Nulling interferometry offers a method to observe exoplanets by suppressing starlight.
    • The 4 µm Mid-Infrared region is optimal for detecting warm exoplanets.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and simulate a photonic chip for nulling interferometry with high performance.
    • To assess the chip's ability to achieve significant starlight attenuation for exoplanet detection.

    Main Methods:

    • Detailed simulations were performed on a planar chalcogenide photonic chip.
    • The chip design incorporates three fabrication-tolerant multimode interference couplers.
    • Performance was evaluated based on extinction ratio across a specific wavelength window.

    Main Results:

    • The photonic chip achieved an extinction ratio exceeding 60 dB in double nulling and up to 40 dB in single nulling.
    • High performance was maintained across the 3.9 to 4.2 µm wavelength window.
    • The simulated performance indicates theoretical suitability for exoplanet imaging.

    Conclusions:

    • A planar chalcogenide photonic chip can serve as a high-performance beam combiner for nulling interferometry.
    • The chip's design offers fabrication tolerance and meets the stringent requirements for exoplanet detection.
    • This technology advances the potential for direct imaging of exoplanets.