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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

738
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
738
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

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Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
694
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors01:28

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

664
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
Among the PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil (Revatio) stands out as a competitive and selective inhibitor. It operates by elevating cellular levels of cGMP and augmenting signaling through the cGMP-PKG pathway, promoting vasodilation. Upon oral...
664
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers01:26

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers

608
Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...
608
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

1.0K
Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
1.0K
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

519
Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme...
519

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Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
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Pulmonary Hypertension.

Marius M Hoeper1, Hossein-Ardeschir Ghofrani, Ekkehard Grünig

  • 1Department of Pneumology, Hannover Medical School; German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Gießen; Department of Pneumology, Kerckhoff Hospital Bad Nauheim; Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Chest Hospital, University Hospital Heidelberg; Pneumology Section, Center for Pulmonary Hypertension Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Graz; Department of Internal Medicine III and Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Cardiac Center, University of Cologne.

Deutsches Arzteblatt International
|March 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) affects 1% of adults and has five categories. Treatment strategies for PH are individualized based on risk stratification and disease severity.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Pulmonary hypertension (PH) affects approximately 1% of the adult population.
  • The diverse types of PH vary significantly in incidence, clinical importance, and therapeutic approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of pulmonary hypertension classification and management.
  • To outline current treatment strategies based on risk stratification and disease phenotype.

Main Methods:

  • A selective literature review was conducted.
  • Findings were synthesized in association with a consensus conference.

Main Results:

  • Pulmonary hypertension is categorized into five main types, with pulmonary arterial hypertension, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, and PH due to left heart/lung diseases being clinically significant.
  • Ten drugs across five classes are available for PH treatment, often used in combination.
  • Treatment decisions for PH are guided by risk stratification, disease severity, clinical presentation, and comorbidities. Surgical pulmonary endarterectomy is preferred for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, while drug and endovascular therapies are options for inoperable cases. PH from left heart/lung diseases requires specific treatment only when severe right-heart strain is present.

Conclusions:

  • The diagnosis and management of severe PH forms, especially pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, are intricate.
  • Optimal care for severe PH necessitates close collaboration between local physicians and specialized medical centers.