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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

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The Two-Component System ChtRS Contributes to Chlorhexidine Tolerance in Enterococcus faecium.

Ana M Guzmán Prieto1, Jessica Wijngaarden1, Johanna C Braat1

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
|March 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified a two-component system (ChtRS) in *Enterococcus faecium* that confers tolerance to the disinfectant chlorhexidine (CHX). This discovery sheds light on potential cross-tolerance between disinfectants and antibiotics.

Keywords:
Enterococcusbacitracinbiocideschlorhexidinedisinfectantstolerance

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • *Enterococcus faecium* is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections.
  • Multidrug-resistant *E. faecium* strains with disinfectant tolerance pose a significant clinical challenge.
  • Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a widely used hospital disinfectant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize genes in *E. faecium* responsible for chlorhexidine (CHX) tolerance.
  • To investigate the role of a novel two-component system in CHX tolerance.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide screening using a transposon mutant library of *E. faecium*.
  • Construction and analysis of targeted *chtR* and *chtS* deletion mutants.
  • Phenotypic analysis including growth assays and transmission electron microscopy.

Main Results:

  • A two-component system, ChtRS (ChtS sensor kinase, ChtR response regulator), was identified as crucial for CHX tolerance.
  • Mutants lacking *chtR* or *chtS* showed impaired growth in CHX and bacitracin, with altered cell morphology (long chains, failed division).
  • A specific mutation in *chtR* was linked to CHX and bacitracin tolerance in a clinical isolate.

Conclusions:

  • The ChtRS system plays a significant role in *E. faecium*'s tolerance to chlorhexidine.
  • Disinfectant tolerance mechanisms in *E. faecium* can overlap with antibiotic resistance pathways, suggesting potential for cross-tolerance.
  • Understanding ChtRS function is vital for developing strategies to combat disinfectant-tolerant *E. faecium* infections.