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Reversible States of Physical and/or Cognitive Dysfunction: A 9-Year Longitudinal Study
C Qualls1, D L Waters, B Vellas
1Prof Clifford Qualls, Department of Mathematics and Statistics and School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA, cqualls@salud.unm.edu.
The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging
|March 1, 2017
Summary
Physical and cognitive function can improve even in older adults. Factors like age, BMI, and health status influence these transitions, suggesting potential for interventions.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Neuroscience
- Public Health
Background:
- Aging is associated with declines in physical and cognitive function.
- Understanding transitions in function is crucial for developing interventions.
- The New Mexico Aging Process Study provides longitudinal data on aging.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine age-adjusted transition probabilities for physical and cognitive function.
- To investigate the influence of sex, BMI, education, hypertension, health status, and APOE4 on these transitions.
- To examine the temporal relationship between gait speed and cognitive function changes.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 9-year prospective cohort data from 598 healthy, independent-living adults aged 60+.
- Gait speed and cognitive function (3MSE score) were primary outcome measures.
- Statistical analysis of 2129 one-year transitions, considering various demographic and health factors.
Main Results:
- 32.6% of participants remained in the same functional state annually.
- Significant proportions experienced improvements: 38% in gait speed and 43% in cognitive function.
- Transitions to improved function decreased with age, APOE4 status, BMI, and poorer health status; transitions to worse function increased with these factors.
Conclusions:
- Physical and cognitive function transitions are dynamic, with notable improvement potential even in advanced age.
- These findings highlight the plasticity of aging and potential targets for intervention.
- Gait speed and cognitive function changes did not exhibit a clear preceding relationship.
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