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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Thyroid Autoimmunity and Cancer.

Francesco Felicetti, Maria Graziella Catalano, Nicoletta Fortunati

    Frontiers of Hormone Research
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid cancer share a complex relationship, with this review clarifying their intricate connection. Understanding this link is crucial for both autoimmune disease and cancer research.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Oncology
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • The interplay between the immune system and cancer development is complex, with immune surveillance playing a role in cancer control.
    • Cancer cells can evade immune detection, highlighting a critical aspect of cancer biology.
    • The relationship between autoimmune diseases and cancer is debated, with possibilities of causality or consequence.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review and synthesize existing literature on the association between autoimmune thyroiditis and papillary thyroid cancer.
    • To elucidate the current understanding of the complex relationship between these two conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of studies investigating autoimmune thyroiditis and papillary thyroid cancer.
    • Analysis of reported data to clarify the existing knowledge on their association.

    Main Results:

    • Autoimmune thyroiditis is frequently associated with papillary thyroid cancer, particularly.
    • The review consolidates data, offering insights into this specific cancer-autoimmunity link.

    Conclusions:

    • The association between autoimmune thyroiditis and papillary thyroid cancer serves as a key model for understanding cancer-autoimmunity interactions.
    • Further research is needed to fully clarify the causal or consequential nature of this relationship.