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Somatic spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary muscular responses to external stimuli that involve the somatic musculature and the spinal cord.
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The Spinal Cord01:54

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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum01:26

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The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
Perineal Layer
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Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Dermis
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Success of Ultrasound-Guided Neuraxial Anesthesia in Cases with Difficult Anatomy
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Sacral Dimple.

Sami Khairy1, Moutasem Azzubi1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

World Neurosurgery
|March 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A brain abscess and spinal dermoid cyst caused severe symptoms in an infant. Surgical intervention successfully resolved the infections and neurological deficits, leading to a full recovery.

Keywords:
Dermal sinusDermoid cystSacral dimple

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • Infants can present with complex neurological conditions requiring multidisciplinary care.
  • Hydrocephalus and neurological deficits in infants may indicate underlying infectious or congenital abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a rare case of concurrent brain abscess and spinal dermoid cyst in an infant.
  • To highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in managing such complex pediatric neurosurgical cases.

Main Methods:

  • A 5-month-old infant with fever, seizures, and weakness underwent MRI, revealing a brain abscess, spinal dermoid cyst, and dermal sinus.
  • Surgical management included craniotomy for abscess evacuation, spinal cord untethering, and dermoid/sinus resection.

Main Results:

  • The infant showed significant improvement in neurological deficits post-operatively.
  • Post-operative antibiotics and external ventricular drain removal were completed successfully.
  • A 2-year follow-up revealed a normal neurological examination, indicating complete recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Concurrent brain abscess and spinal dermoid cyst, though rare, can be effectively treated with prompt surgical intervention.
  • Multimodal imaging and surgical expertise are crucial for managing complex pediatric neurosurgical conditions.