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Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly
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Polydactyly of the foot.

B Bader1, F Grill1, Erica Lamprecht2

  • 1Orthopädisches Spital Wien-Speising, Germany.

Der Orthopade
|March 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polydactyly, a congenital condition involving extra toes, can affect different parts of the foot. Surgical correction is often needed for functional and cosmetic reasons, requiring careful preoperative assessment.

Keywords:
Key words Polydactyly • Forefoot anomaly • Hallux varus

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Polydactyly presents as preaxial (hallux side), postaxial (little toe side), or central toe duplication.
  • Duplication can range from phalangeal involvement to complete digit and metatarsal duplication.
  • Accessory digits may share a single metatarsal bone.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the classification and surgical indications for polydactyly.
  • To emphasize the importance of preoperative analysis for optimal surgical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of polydactyly classification based on location and extent of duplication.
  • Discussion of indications for surgical intervention.
  • Highlighting the role of preoperative radiographic analysis.

Main Results:

  • Surgical intervention is indicated for shoeproblems, aesthetic concerns, and secondary toe deviations.
  • Duplication of metatarsals can lead to significant functional issues like plantar callosities.
  • Thorough preoperative assessment, including X-rays, is crucial.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of polydactyly requires accurate classification and understanding of potential complications.
  • Preoperative planning is essential for achieving satisfactory functional and cosmetic results in polydactyly surgery.