Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Monitoring PD-1-Blocking Antibodies Bound to T Cells Derived from a Drop of Peripheral Blood
06:07

Monitoring PD-1-Blocking Antibodies Bound to T Cells Derived from a Drop of Peripheral Blood

Published on: February 5, 2020

6.2K

[Adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors]

S Foller1, H Oppel-Heuchel2, I Fetter2

  • 1Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Lessingstraße 1, 07743, Jena, Deutschland. Susan.Foller@med.uni-jena.de.

Der Urologe. Ausg. A
|March 2, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly used in urology for cancers like renal cell carcinoma. Managing immune-mediated adverse events, though rare, is crucial for patient safety and effective treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Uro-oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Clinical Toxicology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a significant advancement in urologic oncology, following their approval for renal cell carcinoma.
  • Expanding use of ICIs is anticipated for metastatic urothelial carcinoma, necessitating greater clinical experience with their associated toxicities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and management of immune-mediated adverse events (imAEs) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in urologic oncology.
  • To highlight the importance of recognizing and managing severe (grade 3/4) toxicities, despite their low incidence.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical experience and literature regarding immune-mediated adverse events from immune checkpoint inhibitors.
  • Diagnostic workup includes laboratory tests (liver function, hormone levels) and imaging (CT, MRI) for specific conditions like pneumonitis or hypophysitis.
  • Treatment strategies involve therapy interruption, corticosteroids, and potentially additional immunosuppression.

Main Results:

  • Commonly affected organs include skin, liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and endocrine organs.
  • Grade 3/4 toxicities, while infrequent, require significant clinical attention.
  • Dose modification of immune checkpoint inhibitors is not indicated for managing imAEs.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of immune-mediated adverse events is essential for the successful application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in urologic malignancies.
  • Early recognition and appropriate intervention, primarily with corticosteroids, are key to mitigating severe toxicities.
Keywords:
Adverse events, immune-mediatedCorticosteroidsImmunotherapyPD-1 inhibitorPD-L1 inhibitor

More Related Videos

Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology07:04

Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology

Published on: May 2, 2025

1.3K
Assessment of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell-Associated Toxicities Using an Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenograft Mouse Model06:08

Assessment of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell-Associated Toxicities Using an Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenograft Mouse Model

Published on: February 10, 2023

1.9K

Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
2.7K
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
2.1K
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
85.4K
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
80
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
78
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
70