Muscles of the Shoulder
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways
Somatosensation
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna
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Updated: Mar 7, 2026

A Standardized Method for Measurement of Elbow Kinesthesia
Published on: October 10, 2020
F Gohlke1, E Janßen1, J Leidel1
1Orthopädische Universitätsklinik, König-Ludwig-Haus, Universität Würzburg •, Germany.
Mechanoreceptors, including Ruffini and Pacini endings, are abundant in the rotator cuff and coracoacromial ligament, suggesting their role in shoulder stability and impingement. Their distribution in the glenohumeral joint capsule is less clear.
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