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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
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Shoulder instability after primary shoulder joint replacement.

J F Löhr1, M Flören1, H K Schwyzer1

  • 1Klinik Wilhelm Schulthess Zürich, Germany.

Der Orthopade
|March 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Shoulder arthroplasty revision surgery frequently involves instability, with posterior instability being as common as anterior. Revision surgery outcomes, measured by the Constant Score, are poorer than primary procedures.

Keywords:
Key words Total shoulder arthroplasty • Complications • Instability • Revision surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Musculoskeletal Research

Background:

  • Shoulder instability, including subluxation and dislocation, is a frequent complication following shoulder arthroplasty.
  • Instability can manifest in various directions (anterior, posterior, inferior, cranial) due to imbalances in muscular forces, capsular stabilizers, and bony contours.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence and characteristics of instability as a complication in shoulder revision surgeries.
  • To evaluate the functional outcomes of shoulder revision arthroplasty, particularly concerning instability.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 44 shoulder revision surgeries to identify the most common complications.
  • Assessment of patient outcomes using the Constant Score to evaluate functional results post-revision.

Main Results:

  • Instability was identified as the most prevalent complication in the studied cohort of shoulder revision surgeries.
  • The average Constant Score in revision cases was 41.9, indicating suboptimal functional outcomes compared to primary arthroplasties.
  • Both anterior and posterior instability were observed, with posterior instability being as significant as the more commonly recognized anterior type.

Conclusions:

  • Shoulder revision surgery presents a high risk of instability, necessitating careful surgical technique to avoid prosthetic malpositioning.
  • Functional outcomes after revision arthroplasty are generally inferior to primary procedures, underscoring the complexity of revision cases.
  • Late-onset cranialization of the rotator cuff-deficient shoulder can also lead to subluxation, representing a distinct complication pathway after arthroplasty.