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Methods for Image-based Surveys of Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Their Habitat Exemplified by the Drop Camera Survey for the Atlantic Sea Scallop
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Sea lice infestation levels decrease with deeper 'snorkel' barriers in Atlantic salmon sea-cages.

Frode Oppedal1, Francisca Samsing2, Tim Dempster1,2

  • 1Institute of Marine Research, Matredal, Norway.

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Deeper sea-cages significantly reduced salmon lice infestation without harming fish welfare. This depth-based barrier offers a powerful new management tool for sustainable salmon farming.

Keywords:
Lepeophtheirus salmonisSalmo salarfish behaviourparasite managementproduction parameterssustainable farming

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Area of Science:

  • Aquaculture
  • Parasitology
  • Fish Health Management

Background:

  • Salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) are a major threat to farmed salmon.
  • Infective larvae concentrate in surface waters, increasing host encounter rates.
  • Snorkel sea-cage technology offers protection by limiting access to surface waters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of deep versus shallow snorkels in reducing salmon lice infestation.
  • To determine if deeper snorkels maintain adequate fish welfare and production conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Five sea-cages with varying snorkel depths (0-16 m) were used.
  • Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were stocked in each cage.
  • Salmon lice copepodid settlement was monitored across four infection periods.

Main Results:

  • Lice infestation decreased exponentially with increasing snorkel depth.
  • Deep snorkels (12-16 m) showed 4-10 times lower infection levels than shallow snorkels (0-4 m).
  • Fish welfare and production indices remained consistent across all snorkel depths.

Conclusions:

  • Deeper snorkels provide a significant and consistent reduction in salmon lice.
  • This depth-based barrier strategy effectively controls sea lice without negatively impacting fish.
  • Snorkel technology represents a powerful management tool for sustainable salmon farming.