[Experimental modeling of acute pyelonephritis]

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Infectious Diseases
• Microbiology

Background:

• Acute pyelonephritis (AP) is a significant upper urinary tract infection with potential progression to chronic kidney disease.
• Current understanding of AP etiology primarily focuses on aerobic bacteria like Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp.
• Rare reports suggest anaerobic microorganisms may also cause AP, a factor often overlooked in clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze experimental disease models to refine the understanding of AP etiology.
• To investigate the potential role of anaerobic microorganisms in the development of acute pyelonephritis.
• To bridge the gap between current clinical practice and emerging evidence on AP pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of Russian and English databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, etc.).
• Analysis of 356 identified literature sources, with 41 selected for in-depth review.
• Focus on experimental disease models and clinical case reports concerning AP pathogens.

Main Results:

• The study reviewed existing literature on AP etiology, including less common causes.
• Evidence suggests a potential, yet underappreciated, role for anaerobic microorganisms in AP development.
• The review highlights the need to consider a broader range of pathogens in AP diagnosis and treatment.

Conclusions:

• Acute pyelonephritis etiology may be more complex than currently recognized, potentially involving anaerobic bacteria.
• Current clinical practice may not adequately account for anaerobic infections in AP.
• Further research into anaerobic microorganisms as causative agents of AP is warranted.