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Related Concept Videos

Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins01:32

Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins

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Eukaryotic cells have different motor proteins for transporting various cargo within the cell. These motor proteins differ based on the filament they associate with, the direction they move within the cell, and the type of cargo they transport. Motor proteins that associate with microtubules are known as microtubule-associated motor proteins. There are two families of microtubule-associated motor proteins —Kinesins and Dyneins. Both these proteins assist in the transport of cellular...
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Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

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The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
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Microtubules in Cell Motility01:24

Microtubules in Cell Motility

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Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...
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In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Microtubules form through the end-to-end polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Kinetochore microtubules originate from the spindle poles, and their plus-ends connect with the kinetochores on sister-chromatids. Ndc80 protein complexes, present on the kinetochore, form low-affinity links with the plus end of these kinetochore microtubules.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Application of High-speed Super-resolution SPEED Microscopy in Live Primary Cilium
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Intraflagellar Transport and Ciliary Dynamics.

Hiroaki Ishikawa1, Wallace F Marshall1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|March 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) moves building blocks to assemble cilia and flagella. Research explores how this complex system regulates organelle assembly and dynamics.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cilia and flagella are essential microtubule-based organelles.
  • Their assembly relies on intraflagellar transport (IFT) for delivering components.
  • IFT involves multiprotein complexes for specialized cargo transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the mechanisms of cargo selection for ciliary import via IFT.
  • Understand how IFT regulates cilia and flagella assembly and length control.
  • Explore the interplay of motile and signaling pathways in organelle dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • The study focuses on the regulatory mechanisms of IFT.
  • It examines cargo selection, IFT injection, and flagellar disassembly.
  • It analyzes the cooperative roles of motile and signaling pathways.

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Main Results:

  • IFT is crucial for delivering tubulin and other components to growing cilia and flagella.
  • Specific IFT complex components are specialized for different cargo types.
  • Regulation occurs at IFT injection, disassembly, and potentially cargo binding stages.

Conclusions:

  • Cilia and flagella serve as model systems for studying complex cellular structure assembly.
  • Understanding IFT mechanisms is key to deciphering organelle dynamics and length control.
  • Coordinated motile and signaling pathways are vital for regulating cilia and flagella.