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Changes in Rotavirus Genotypes before and after Vaccine Introduction: a Multicenter, Prospective Observational Study

Takaaki Tanaka1, Hajime Kamiya2, Kazutoyo Asada3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Kawasaki Medical School.

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases
|March 3, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Rotavirus (RV) vaccine introduction in Japan led to shifts in dominant RV genotypes. G3P[8] decreased, while G2P[4] and G9P[8] emerged, necessitating ongoing surveillance for vaccine impact assessment.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Rotavirus (RV) vaccines (monovalent and pentavalent) were approved in Japan in 2011 and 2012.
  • Monitoring RV genotype shifts post-vaccine introduction is crucial for assessing vaccine effectiveness and epidemiological impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To monitor changes in rotavirus genotypes before and after the introduction of RV vaccines in Japan.
  • To observe genotype distribution shifts across different geographical regions within Japan.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective observational study was conducted on children under 5 years old with gastroenteritis.
  • Stool samples were collected from three Japanese cities: Tsu, Kurashiki, and Isumi.
  • Rotavirus genotypes were identified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Main Results:

  • In Tsu City, G3P[8] prevalence decreased post-vaccination, with subsequent increases in G1P[8] and a surge in G2P[4] (100%) in 2013/14.
  • Kurashiki City showed similar trends: reduced G3P[8] and emergence of G2P[4].
  • Isumi City observed a shift from G1P[8] dominance to G9P[8] predominance (83.3%) by the 2013/14 season.

Conclusions:

  • Rotavirus vaccine introduction in Japan correlated with significant shifts in circulating RV genotypes.
  • The emergence of G2P[4] and G9P[8] warrants further investigation to distinguish between vaccine-induced selection and natural epidemiological fluctuations.
  • Continuous monitoring of RV genotypes is essential to understand long-term epidemiological changes and vaccine impact.

Keywords:
gastroenteritisgenotyperotavirusvaccine

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