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Related Concept Videos

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Drugs, encompassing various chemical compounds from natural sources, lab synthesis, or genetic engineering, elicit different biological responses in living organisms. Some of these responses are desirable or therapeutic, while others are undesirable. The primary goal of administering a drug is to achieve a therapeutic effect, that is, to address a specific disease or health condition. Any concurrent effects outside of this therapeutic outcome are considered undesirable. These undesirable...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
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[Side effects of chemotherapy].

K Hauner1, P Maisch2, M Retz2

  • 1Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland. katharina.hauner@tum.de.

Der Urologe. Ausg. A
|March 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Multimodal cancer therapies for urologic tumors can cause side effects like neutropenia and nausea. Prophylaxis and standardized management of these adverse events are crucial for improving treatment efficacy.

Keywords:
DiarrheaEmesisMucositisNeutropeniaStomatitis

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Urologic tumors often require multimodal treatment approaches.
  • These treatments frequently lead to a rise in adverse events.
  • Common side effects include neutropenia, stomatitis, mucositis, diarrhea, and emesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the impact of adverse events in urologic tumor treatment.
  • To emphasize the importance of managing chemotherapy-induced side effects.
  • To underscore the role of prophylaxis in enhancing therapeutic outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common adverse events associated with urologic cancer therapies.
  • Analysis of the impact of side effects on treatment efficacy.
  • Discussion of prophylaxis and management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Multimodal therapies for urologic tumors are associated with significant adverse events.
  • Chemotherapy commonly induces side effects such as neutropenia, stomatitis, mucositis, diarrhea, and emesis.
  • Effective prophylaxis and standardized management are key to mitigating these side effects.

Conclusions:

  • Adverse events are a common consequence of multimodal urologic tumor treatment.
  • Prophylaxis and standardized management of side effects are essential for improving the efficacy of tumor therapy.