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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
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Vaccination and anaphylaxis: a forensic perspective.

Cristian Palmiere1, Camilla Tettamanti, Maria Pia Scarpelli

  • 1Cristian Palmiere, CURML, Chemin de la Vulliette 4, 1000 Lausanne 25, Switzerland, cristian.palmiere@chuv.ch.

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Fatal anaphylaxis after vaccination is rare. Forensic investigations, including biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses, are crucial for confirming vaccine-related deaths and excluding other causes.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Pathology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Fatal anaphylaxis following vaccination is a critical concern.
  • Understanding the diagnostic criteria for vaccine-related fatalities is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review literature on fatalities post-vaccination.
  • To specifically examine cases of fatal anaphylaxis linked to vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of the MEDLINE database up to March 2016.
  • Identification of relevant articles on fatal anaphylaxis after vaccine administration.

Main Results:

  • Six relevant papers on fatal anaphylaxis post-vaccination were identified.
  • Histological findings included mast cell infiltration; laryngeal edema was absent.
  • Immunohistochemistry identified pulmonary mast cells in one case.

Conclusions:

  • Systematic biochemical and immunohistochemical investigations are recommended for suspected fatal anaphylaxis.
  • Autopsy findings, including splenic tissue analysis, are vital.
  • Establishing a vaccine-related death requires consistent evidence and exclusion of alternative causes.