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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Immunology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related lymphomas (ARL) remain a significant clinical challenge.
    • Optimal initial therapy for most ARL histological subtypes is not yet clearly defined.
    • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative lymphoma treatment standards provide a basis for ARL management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review current therapeutic strategies for AIDS-related lymphomas (ARL).
    • To highlight effective treatment regimens and considerations for managing ARL.
    • To discuss the role of specific therapies in the context of HIV co-infection.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of clinical research on ARL treatment.
    • Analysis of therapeutic options including chemotherapy, rituximab, and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).
    • Consideration of factors influencing treatment decisions such as lymphoma stage, CD4 count, and comorbidities.

    Main Results:

    • Rituximab plus chemotherapy is a feasible and effective option for CD20-positive ARL, irrespective of CD4 cell count.
    • Concomitant cART with chemotherapy is recommended, with careful attention to potential drug-drug interactions.
    • Treatment for ARL should align with approaches for HIV-negative lymphoma patients, adapted for HIV-related complexities.

    Conclusions:

    • Standardized treatment protocols for ARL are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
    • Targeted therapies like rituximab, combined with chemotherapy and cART, offer significant benefits.
    • While outcomes for HIV-related Hodgkin's lymphoma have improved, they remain poorer than in immunocompetent individuals.