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Defining the Long-Toss: A Professional Baseball Epidemiological Study.

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Summary

Long-toss throwing definitions vary among baseball professionals, with pitchers and coaches perceiving greater distances than athletic trainers. This discrepancy may impact shoulder protection and warrants a standardized scientific definition for optimal use in performance and rehabilitation.

Keywords:
baseballlong-tosspitcherspitchingthrowing

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics
  • Baseball Performance

Background:

  • Long-toss throwing is widely used in baseball for conditioning, interval throwing, and rehabilitation.
  • Current practices and definitions of long-toss distance and mechanics lack standardization.
  • Controversy exists regarding optimal long-toss protocols in baseball.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey professional pitchers, pitching coaches, and athletic trainers in Major League Baseball (MLB).
  • To ascertain the perceived definitions of long-toss throwing distance and mechanics.
  • To understand the varied applications and goals of long-toss throwing among baseball professionals.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive epidemiology study design was employed.
  • An anonymous survey was administered to MLB-affiliated pitchers, pitching coaches (PCs), and certified athletic trainers (ATCs).
  • The survey collected data on demographics, personal long-toss usage, and perceptions of long-toss distance and mechanics.

Main Results:

  • 321 surveys were completed; the mean perceived long-toss distance was 175 ft.
  • Significant variation in perceived distance was noted between pitchers/PCs (177 ft) and ATCs (157 ft).
  • Throwing mechanics perceptions differed, with 36% reporting "on a line" and 70% "not on a line"; crow-hop footwork varied accordingly.

Conclusions:

  • Perceptions of long-toss distance and mechanics significantly differ among pitchers, coaches, and athletic trainers.
  • Discrepancies in understanding and application highlight potential risks for shoulder protection.
  • A more scientifically defined approach to long-toss throwing is needed to optimize its role in baseball performance and rehabilitation.