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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
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Thyroid dysfunction in obese and overweight children.

Ewelina Witkowska-Sędek1, Anna Kucharska, Małgorzata Rumińska

  • 1Department of Pediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland. ewelina.witkowska-sedek@wum.edu.pl.

Endokrynologia Polska
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In obese children, thyroid function changes are an adaptive response to increase energy expenditure, not a cause of obesity. These thyroid alterations normalize with weight loss, potentially explaining weight regain difficulties.

Keywords:
childrenobesitythyroid function

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Thyroidology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism, impacting energy expenditure and fat oxidation.
  • Obesity is frequently associated with specific thyroid function abnormalities in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms linking obesity and thyroid function in children.
  • To evaluate recent studies on thyroid function and ultrasound in overweight/obese children.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of mechanisms involving leptin, thyroid hormone resistance, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
  • Analysis of original studies assessing thyroid function tests (TSH, fT3) and thyroid ultrasound in pediatric obesity.

Main Results:

  • Obese children often exhibit mild hyperthyrotropinemia and increased T3/fT3, considered adaptive responses to boost energy expenditure.
  • Thyroid ultrasound may show increased volume and hypoechogenicity, mimicking autoimmune thyroiditis without autoantibodies.
  • These thyroid changes facilitate weight loss and prevent further gain.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid function alterations in obese children are adaptive, aiding weight management.
  • Normalization of thyroid function post-weight loss may contribute to challenges in weight maintenance.