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Complete mitochondrial sequences from Mesolithic Sardinia.

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Genetic analysis of ancient Sardinians reveals early inhabitants had minimal impact on modern populations. The island

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Area of Science:

  • Paleogenetics
  • Human Evolution
  • Island Population Genetics

Background:

  • Sardinia's genetic prehistory is poorly understood due to limited pre-Neolithic human remains.
  • Modern Sardinians are genetic outliers in Europe with high internal diversity and links to early Neolithic farmers.
  • The origins and extent of Sardinia's unique genetic structure remained untested.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic origins of the Sardinian population.
  • To analyze the oldest complete mitochondrial DNA sequences from Sardinia.
  • To understand the contribution of early inhabitants to the present-day Sardinian gene pool.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of complete mitochondrial DNA sequences from two ancient Sardinian individuals (10,000 years before present).
  • Comparison of ancient sequences with Mesolithic and Neolithic European populations.
  • Preliminary Approximate Bayesian Computations (aB) to model population genetic contributions.

Main Results:

  • The oldest mitochondrial DNA sequences from Sardinia confirm Mesolithic occupation.
  • These ancient individuals possess rare mtDNA lineages not previously found in Mesolithic samples or common in Europe.
  • Preliminary modeling suggests minimal genetic contribution from the earliest inhabitants to modern Sardinians.

Conclusions:

  • The genetic makeup of modern Sardinians is primarily shaped by Neolithic continental migrations, not by the earliest Mesolithic settlers.
  • Ancient Sardinian mtDNA lineages are rare and provide new insights into Mesolithic European genetic landscape.
  • Further research with broader ancient DNA samples is needed to fully elucidate Sardinian population history.